Basilica of St Plechelm

Located in the heart of Oldenzaal, the Basilica of St Plechelm, or Sint-Plechelmusbasiliek as it's known in the local tongue, stands as a testament to centuries of religious devotion and architectural evolution. This Roman Catholic church, one of only 23 basilicas in the Netherlands, is dedicated to St Plechelm, an Irish monk from the 8th century whose legacy has been enshrined within these walls since his canonization in the 10th century.

The Historical Tapestry of the Basilica

The Basilica of St Plechelm boasts a rich history that stretches back to the 8th century when the itinerant missionary Plechelm is believed to have established the first church on this site, initially dedicated to Pope Silvester. By 954, Bishop Balderik of Utrecht had founded a chapter in Oldenzaal, enlarging and renewing the existing church, which was then consecrated to Plechelm. This transformation elevated the church's status, and it became a significant ecclesiastical center, with the chapter playing a crucial role in bishop elections in medieval times.

In the mid-12th century, the original structure was replaced with a new Romanesque building constructed from Bentheim sandstone. This period saw the construction of the nave, north aisle, north transept, and choir bay, showcasing Westphalian and Saxon influences, particularly the characteristic Saxon ciborium vault. The interior employed an alternating system where the central nave and side aisles were separated by arches supported by alternating columns and pillars, all crowned with cross vaults.

Architectural Marvels Through the Ages

The current tower, a significant feature of the basilica, was erected under Bishop Otto II of Lippe between 1215 and 1227, with the fourth tier completed around 1250. This tower, with its early Gothic decorations, is often classified as Romanesque-Gothic. By 1500, the tower had gained its fifth tier, and the choir and south aisle were rebuilt in Gothic style, with the south transept merging into the new aisle and losing its gable.

The Reformation in the 17th century marked a period of decline for the church, ending seven centuries of liturgical tradition. The chapter houses were sold and demolished, and from 1633 to 1810, the church served the Protestant community of Oldenzaal. The neglect during this period necessitated extensive restorations after the church was returned to the Catholics in 1810, thanks to King Louis Napoleon. The most significant restoration occurred between 1891 and 1900 under Jos Cuypers, which included the removal of the 17th-century Latin school above the north aisle and the reconstruction of the northern apsidiole.

The Basilica's Modern Renaissance

In 1950, Pope Pius XII bestowed the honorary title of basilica minor on the church, recognizing its historical and architectural significance. In 2006, a successful campaign, supported by local celebrity Herman Finkers, ensured the basilica's continued use as a parish church. Since 2010, it has served as the principal church of the newly formed St Plechelm parish, which amalgamated several local parishes and churches.

The Tower of St Plechelm

The Plechelmus Tower, affectionately known as the Old Grey (Ol'n Griez'n in the local dialect), stands approximately 60 meters tall, a height it achieved after a restoration post-1626. The tower is 13.4 meters wide on its south side and is a prominent landmark visible from afar, particularly when approaching Oldenzaal from Denekamp or along the old road from Hengelo. The bell chamber within the tower is the largest of its kind in Europe, housing a carillon of 48 bells, five of which also serve as ringing bells. The largest, the Maria bell, was cast in 1493 by the renowned bell founder Geert van Wou and weighs 2400 kg. The other four bells, cast in the 20th century, include the Beatrix (1600 kg), Irene (1150 kg), Henriëtte (680 kg), and Everdina (480 kg).

Visiting the Basilica

Visitors to the Basilica of St Plechelm are greeted by a majestic facade that hints at the rich history within. The interior, stripped of its medieval plaster and paint during Cuypers' restoration, reveals the raw beauty of Bentheim sandstone. The alternating columns and pillars, cross vaults, and the Saxon ciborium vault are architectural highlights that transport visitors back to the church's Romanesque origins.

Whether you're a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply seeking a moment of tranquility, the Basilica of St Plechelm offers a profound glimpse into the spiritual and cultural heritage of Oldenzaal. Its storied past, architectural splendor, and serene atmosphere make it a must-visit landmark in the Netherlands.