Monument of John of Nepomuk and church of the Holy Cross in Wrocław

The Monument of John of Nepomuk and the Church of the Holy Cross in Wrocław stand as magnificent testaments to the rich history and artistic brilliance of this vibrant Polish city. Nestled in the heart of Ostrów Tumski, Wrocław’s oldest part, these landmarks offer a captivating glimpse into the Baroque era and the religious devotion that shaped the cultural landscape of the region.

The Monument of John of Nepomuk

Crafted between 1730 and 1732, the Monument of John of Nepomuk is a striking baroque sculpture that captures the eye with its intricate details and towering presence. Designed by Christoph Tausch and brought to life by Jan Jerzy Urbański, Johann Albrecht Siegwitz, and Johann Adam Karinger, this monument is the largest of its kind in the world. It was commissioned by the Wrocław Cathedral Chapter and unveiled in May 1732, costing a substantial 2049 florins.

The monument is carved from sandstone and stands approximately 9.5 meters high. Its design is based on a Greek cross and features a square pedestal adorned with four bas-reliefs depicting key moments from the life of Saint John of Nepomuk. These scenes include his confession of Queen Sophia, wife of King Wenceslaus IV of Luxembourg, his pilgrimage, his interrogation by the king, and his martyrdom by being thrown into the Vltava River.

Above these historical depictions, cartouches with inscriptions provide theological commentary, adding layers of meaning to the visual narrative. The corners of the pedestal are graced with charming cherubic figures, while angelic atlantes support the pyramid structure upon which John of Nepomuk stands, elevated on clouds with a crucifix in hand. Stars encircle his head, symbolizing the celestial phenomena that appeared during his execution.

The Church of the Holy Cross

Adjacent to the monument is the Church of the Holy Cross, a stunning example of Gothic architecture that further enriches the historical ambiance of Ostrów Tumski. This church, with its soaring spires and intricate stained glass windows, serves as a spiritual beacon for visitors and locals alike. Its origins date back to the 13th century, and it has undergone several renovations, each adding new elements to its architectural tapestry.

Inside, the church offers a serene atmosphere, with its high vaulted ceilings and meticulously crafted altars. The play of light through the stained glass creates a kaleidoscope of colors that dance across the stone floors, inviting contemplation and reverence. The church not only serves as a place of worship but also as a repository of art and history, with numerous religious artifacts and paintings adorning its walls.

Exploring Ostrów Tumski

While the Monument of John of Nepomuk and the Church of the Holy Cross are central attractions, Ostrów Tumski itself is a treasure trove of history and beauty. Known as the Cathedral Island, this area is the oldest part of Wrocław and offers a peaceful escape from the bustling city. Cobblestone streets wind through charming squares, and gas lamps illuminate the pathways, creating a romantic and timeless atmosphere.

Visitors can enjoy leisurely strolls along the Oder River, taking in the picturesque views of the water and the city’s skyline. The island is also home to several other historical buildings, including the Wrocław Cathedral, which is another must-see for those interested in Gothic architecture.

The Legend of the Bald Angels

An intriguing legend surrounds the Monument of John of Nepomuk, adding a touch of whimsy to its historical significance. Among the cherubic heads adorning the monument, two are notably bald. According to the tale, the sculptor Urbański left the task of finishing the angels to his apprentice, Gotfryd. In a moment of joy over the birth of his son, Gotfryd sculpted the likeness of his bald-headed child into one of the angels. Upon discovering this, Urbański was initially furious and dismissed his apprentice. However, after meeting the child and being moved by his innocent charm, the sculptor relented and not only reinstated Gotfryd but also balanced the composition by adding another bald angel on the opposite side.

Conclusion

The Monument of John of Nepomuk and the Church of the Holy Cross in Wrocław are more than just historical landmarks; they are embodiments of the city’s artistic heritage and spiritual devotion. Whether you are drawn to their architectural beauty, historical significance, or the legends that surround them, these sites offer a rich and rewarding experience for every visitor. As you explore Ostrów Tumski, you’ll find yourself transported to a time when art, faith, and history intertwined to create the enduring legacy that is Wrocław.