Nestled in the charming town of Xàbia, Spain, the Church of Sant Bertomeu (Iglesia de San Bartolomé) stands as a testament to the town’s rich history and architectural heritage. This fortified Gothic church, with its origins tracing back to the 14th century, is not only a place of worship but also a symbol of the town's resilience and artistic legacy. Situated in the heart of the old medieval town and occupying the highest point, the Church of Sant Bertomeu is an unmissable landmark for anyone visiting Xàbia.
The history of the Church of Sant Bertomeu begins in the 14th century with the construction of its original tower-apse. The rest of the church, built in the 16th century, showcases the Mediterranean Gothic style, characterized by its single nave and side chapels nestled between buttresses. This architectural design, coupled with the church’s defensive features, such as machicolations and arrow slits, reflects the turbulent times during which it was constructed. The church’s construction was overseen by Domingo de Urteaga, a master builder whose influence is evident in the meticulous design and execution of the structure.
Declared a National Artistic Monument in 1931, the Church of Sant Bertomeu has undergone several modifications and restorations over the centuries. Despite these changes, it has retained its original Gothic essence and continues to be a focal point of historical and cultural interest in Xàbia.
The Church of Sant Bertomeu is a fine example of Gothic architecture, with its single nave divided into three sections and chapels situated between the buttresses. The oldest part of the church, the square apse, is covered by a star-shaped ribbed vault, adding to the church’s architectural splendor. On either side of the nave, three chapels are connected by a gallery or triforium, featuring conopial arches that open into the interior nave and large windows that illuminate the exterior.
The church is constructed from sandstone blocks, many of which still bear the marks of the stonemasons who shaped them. This distinctive material adds to the church's rustic charm and historical authenticity. The exterior of the church is adorned with minimal decoration, befitting its dual role as a place of worship and a defensive structure. However, the two main portals, the Portal of Sant Bertomeu and the lateral Portal of Sant Gil, are exceptions. These portals, with their intricate late Gothic designs, conopial arches, and pinnacles, are masterpieces in their own right.
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One of the most intriguing aspects of the Church of Sant Bertomeu is its combination of religious and defensive functions. The church’s fortified design includes large machicolations above the doors and arrow slits, which were essential for defense during times of conflict. The bell tower, erected in 1659, also served as a watchtower, linking the church to the coastal defense system. This unique blend of sacred and military architecture makes the Church of Sant Bertomeu a fascinating study for history and architecture enthusiasts alike.
Inside the Church of Sant Bertomeu, the decoration is sparse, reflecting its austere and functional design. However, the heraldic shields of the lords of Xàbia, Bernardo de Sandoval Roxas and Mendoza, and his wife, Francisca Enríquez Luna, add a touch of historical grandeur. These shields are located above the portals, flanked by carvings of thistle leaves and balls, characteristic of the Isabelline Gothic style. The interior also features several gargoyles, adding to the church’s medieval charm.
In addition to its architectural and historical significance, the Church of Sant Bertomeu houses several important religious artifacts. The old sacristy, built in the 16th century, the new sacristy from the 18th century, and the Communion Chapel, constructed in the mid-19th century, are all integral parts of the church complex. These additions reflect the evolving needs of the church community over the centuries.
The Church of Sant Bertomeu is not just a historical monument; it is a living part of the Xàbia community. Despite being listed in the municipal inventory of Xàbia until 1961, the church was registered to the Archdiocese of Valencia in 2009. This change in ownership sparked some controversy, but it ultimately ensured the church’s preservation and continued use as a place of worship.
In recent years, efforts have been made to address structural issues and restore the church to its former glory. In 2017, it was discovered that the roof had leaks and deficiencies, prompting a restoration project in 2020. The bell tower was restored, and the missing battlements were reinstated, preserving the church’s historical integrity.
Visiting the Church of Sant Bertomeu is like stepping back in time. Its robust walls and towering structure tell tales of a bygone era, while its serene interior offers a place for reflection and reverence. Whether you are an architecture aficionado, a history buff, or simply a curious traveler, the Church of Sant Bertomeu in Xàbia is a must-visit destination that promises to leave a lasting impression.
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