Saint James Church in Canet-en-Roussillon, locally known as église Saint-Jacques de Canet-en-Roussillon, stands as a remarkable testament to the region's rich history and architectural evolution. Nestled in the charming town of Canet-en-Roussillon in the Pyrénées-Orientales department, this Gothic-style church is a must-visit for anyone exploring the Languedoc-Roussillon region of France.
The origins of Saint James Church can be traced back to the 13th century. It first emerged in historical records in 1241, replacing the chapel of Saint-Martin du Château as the main parish church. The original structure, located outside the village's fortifications, was demolished in 1343 by the order of the King of Aragon, due to its proximity to the defenses. The new church, completed in 1408, took over the spiritual duties of the area.
Throughout the centuries, Saint James Church has undergone several transformations. In the 16th century, a charitable foundation was established, as evidenced by an inscription on the current façade. The 17th century saw further expansion, with the addition of two lateral chapels and the restoration of the façade, marked by the date 1694 engraved at the entrance.
The church is predominantly constructed of brick, embodying the classic Gothic style of southern France. Its structure is intriguing, as it is enveloped externally in a rectangular mass that conceals much of its interior layout. The church is aligned along a north-south axis, with the choir situated at the southern end, accompanied by the bell tower.
The nave consists of four bays, supported by diaphragm arches, and is flanked by vaulted side chapels. The choir, designed in a pentagonal shape, is also covered by ribbed vaults. A notable feature is the sculpture of Saint James adorning the keystone of the choir's rib vault.
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The north façade, where the main entrance is located, bears three fascinating inscriptions, possibly originating from the chapel of Saint-Martin du Château or the original Saint James Church. These inscriptions, dated 1227, 1304, and 1510, offer a glimpse into the church's storied past. Above the entrance, a bas-relief depicts angels carrying a soul to heaven, attributed to the workshop of Raymond de Bianya, a renowned sculptor of the early 13th century.
One of the church’s most enchanting features is its carillon of five bells, cast in 1897 by the Bollée foundry in Le Mans. These bells produce the notes D3, F3, G3, A3, and C4. The three largest bells can be rung in a swinging manner, while the two smaller ones are fixed and only tolled. Their harmonious sounds add a touch of musical history to the church’s serene atmosphere.
Saint James Church has witnessed significant events over the centuries. In 1794, nearly all of its Baroque-style furnishings were burned in the village square. It wasn't until the mid-19th century that new ornaments began to adorn the church once more. A major restoration project took place between 1891 and 1896, focusing on the renovation of the bell tower, façade, and roof, as well as the installation of interior decorations. An inscription on the façade commemorates this restoration, reading Façade restored / 1892 / XAMMA Jques mayor.
In 1906, an inventory of the church's furnishings required the intervention of the prefect, gendarmes, and the army to manage a hostile crowd. With the help of a locksmith, they successfully entered the church to complete the task.
In the 1990s and 2000s, another wave of restoration efforts was undertaken, highlighting the church's brick masonry by removing the plaster that once covered it. These renovations have preserved the church's historical integrity while ensuring its continued presence as a cultural landmark.
Saint James Church in Canet-en-Roussillon is not just a place of worship; it is a beacon of history, art, and community spirit. Its walls echo stories from centuries past, inviting visitors to step back in time and experience the rich tapestry of history that has shaped this beautiful region. Whether you are drawn by its architectural beauty, historical significance, or the melodic chimes of its bells, a visit to Saint James Church promises a memorable journey through the ages.
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