Oud-Terneuzen, the historic heart of the city of Terneuzen in the Dutch province of Zeeland, is a charming district that transports visitors back in time with its narrow alleys and monumental buildings. Nestled between Herengracht, Kersstraat, and Noordstraat, this area is a treasure trove of history and architectural beauty that beckons explorers and history enthusiasts alike.
The story of Oud-Terneuzen begins with the old fortifications of Ter Nose, established in 1598 by Count Philip of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein under the orders of Maurice, Prince of Orange. These fortifications laid the groundwork for the development of the area, which saw its first buildings around 1830. One of the oldest surviving structures from this period is Tuinpad 22, which stands as a testament to the early architectural endeavors of the city.
In 1830, a small group of Belgian insurgents arrived in Terneuzen, attempting to incite a rebellion among the local population. However, the locals showed little interest in joining the uprising, resulting in only a few minor skirmishes and some plundering. Following the Ten Days' Campaign against Belgium, it was decided to transform Terneuzen into a modern fortress city, complete with bastions, ravelins, an arsenal, and garrison buildings. This new development allowed for further urban expansion, with the first extensions of the city occurring within and on the old fortifications.
The charm of Oud-Terneuzen lies in its quaint streets, such as the Tuinpad, Vissteeg, and Kandeelstraat. The Tuinpad, once known as the Walpad, was likely home to the barracks of the Terneuzen garrison. From 1830, workers' houses began to appear along the Tuinpad and Kandeelstraat, later expanding to the newly created Vissteeg. A notable figure in the area’s development was Van Rompu, a harbor businessman who built a stable for horses used to tow ships through the Terneuzen-Gent canal. Adjacent to the stable, he converted a house to accommodate the foreman. The mill at Molenzicht was rebuilt twice, with the miller residing next door and constructing a house for his son on the Tuinpad. The mill was eventually demolished in 1932.
In 1903, a catechism hall was built on the old barrack foundations in Kandeelstraat, which later served various purposes, including a lemonade factory, a scouting building, and a warehouse for an interior design company. The history of these buildings is a fascinating journey through time, reflecting the changing needs and uses of the community.
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The houses in Oud-Terneuzen have seen many transformations over the years. For instance, Tuinpad 22 was once home to a family of ten, with a simple layout featuring a hall, living room, kitchen, and a small attic for sleeping quarters. The adjacent Tuinpad 24, perched at the highest point in Terneuzen, was used by heraldist D.L. van der Meer Sr. as an atelier for creating heraldic objects. The richly decorated tiled wall in the living room, depicting the Van der Meer family tree and a 16th-century harbor scene, was later relocated to Vissteeg 8 during a renovation.
The Vissteeg houses, originally workers' homes, were known for their immaculate upkeep and the strictness of their residents in keeping the street free from unauthorized visitors and playing children. These houses have undergone significant changes over the years, with Vissteeg 8 being fully renovated into a modern holiday home while retaining its authentic elements such as the tiled floor and ceiling.
Today, Oud-Terneuzen is a vibrant area that blends historical charm with contemporary amenities. The former stable at Tuinpad 16-18 has been transformed into the Vestzak Theater: De Paerdestal, and since 2023, it houses the Stadsbrouwerij Terneuzen, a city brewery that adds a modern twist to the historic setting.
The molenaar’s house at Tuinpad 12-14, once part of a larger mill complex, has seen numerous changes over the years, including serving as a mosque in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Despite these changes, the historic façade facing Tuinpad remains a reminder of its storied past.
In the 1970s, the municipality of Terneuzen planned to demolish several old buildings in Oud-Terneuzen to address parking issues. However, the preservation efforts have ensured that the historic character of the area is maintained, allowing visitors to experience the rich history and architectural beauty of this unique district.
In conclusion, a visit to Oud-Terneuzen is like stepping back in time. The narrow alleys, historical buildings, and stories of the past create a captivating atmosphere that is sure to enchant any visitor. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture lover, or simply looking for a charming place to explore, Oud-Terneuzen offers a delightful journey through the ages.
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